By default, Docker runs through a non-networked UNIX socket. It can alsooptionally communicate using SSH or a TLS (HTTPS) socket.
Use SSH to protect the Docker daemon socket
Note
The given
USERNAME
must have permissions to access the docker socket on theremote machine. Refer to manage Docker as a non-root userto learn how to give a non-root user access to the docker socket.
The following example creates a docker contextto connect with a remote dockerd
daemon on host1.example.com
using SSH, andas the docker-user
user on the remote machine:
$ docker context create \ --docker host=ssh://docker-user@host1.example.com \ --description="Remote engine" \ my-remote-enginemy-remote-engineSuccessfully created context "my-remote-engine"
After creating the context, use docker context use
to switch the docker
CLIto use it, and to connect to the remote engine:
$ docker context use my-remote-enginemy-remote-engineCurrent context is now "my-remote-engine"$ docker info<prints output of the remote engine>
Use the default
context to switch back to the default (local) daemon:
$ docker context use defaultdefaultCurrent context is now "default"
Alternatively, use the DOCKER_HOST
environment variable to temporarily switchthe docker
CLI to connect to the remote host using SSH. This does not requirecreating a context, and can be useful to create an ad-hoc connection with a differentengine:
$ export DOCKER_HOST=ssh://docker-user@host1.example.com$ docker info<prints output of the remote engine>
SSH Tips
For the best user experience with SSH, configure ~/.ssh/config
as follows to allowreusing a SSH connection for multiple invocations of the docker
CLI:
ControlMaster autoControlPath ~/.ssh/control-%CControlPersist yes
Use TLS (HTTPS) to protect the Docker daemon socket
If you need Docker to be reachable through HTTP rather than SSH in a safe manner,you can enable TLS (HTTPS) by specifying the tlsverify
flag and pointing Docker’stlscacert
flag to a trusted CA certificate.
In the daemon mode, it only allows connections from clientsauthenticated by a certificate signed by that CA. In the client mode,it only connects to servers with a certificate signed by that CA.
Advanced topic
See Also支持的游戏 | GeForce Experience16 storage mistakes that could be ruining your favorite snacksI want to put on a new roof. Which shingle is the best. Owen corning Duration,Certainteed Landmark,Atlas Pinnacle or Tamko Heritage and WhyThe 61+ Best Bingo JokesUsing TLS and managing a CA is an advanced topic. Please familiarize yourselfwith OpenSSL, x509, and TLS before using it in production.
Create a CA, server and client keys with OpenSSL
Note: Replace all instances of
$HOST
in the following example with theDNS name of your Docker daemon’s host.
First, on the Docker daemon’s host machine, generate CA private and public keys:
$ openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ca-key.pem 4096Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus..............................................................................++........++e is 65537 (0x10001)Enter pass phrase for ca-key.pem:Verifying - Enter pass phrase for ca-key.pem:$ openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca-key.pem -sha256 -out ca.pemEnter pass phrase for ca-key.pem:You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:QueenslandLocality Name (eg, city) []:BrisbaneOrganization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Docker IncOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:SalesCommon Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:$HOSTEmail Address []:Sven@home.org.au
Now that you have a CA, you can create a server key and certificatesigning request (CSR). Make sure that “Common Name” matches the hostname you useto connect to Docker:
Note: Replace all instances of
$HOST
in the following example with theDNS name of your Docker daemon’s host.
$ openssl genrsa -out server-key.pem 4096Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus.....................................................................++.................................................................................................++e is 65537 (0x10001)$ openssl req -subj "/CN=$HOST" -sha256 -new -key server-key.pem -out server.csr
Next, we’re going to sign the public key with our CA:
Since TLS connections can be made through IP address as well as DNS name, the IP addressesneed to be specified when creating the certificate. For example, to allow connectionsusing 10.10.10.20
and 127.0.0.1
:
$ echo subjectAltName = DNS:$HOST,IP:10.10.10.20,IP:127.0.0.1 >> extfile.cnf
Set the Docker daemon key’s extended usage attributes to be used only forserver authentication:
$ echo extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth >> extfile.cnf
Now, generate the signed certificate:
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -sha256 -in server.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem \ -CAcreateserial -out server-cert.pem -extfile extfile.cnfSignature oksubject=/CN=your.host.comGetting CA Private KeyEnter pass phrase for ca-key.pem:
Authorization plugins offer morefine-grained control to supplement authentication from mutual TLS. In additionto other information described in the above document, authorization pluginsrunning on a Docker daemon receive the certificate information for connectingDocker clients.
For client authentication, create a client key and certificate signingrequest:
Note: For simplicity of the next couple of steps, you may perform thisstep on the Docker daemon’s host machine as well.
$ openssl genrsa -out key.pem 4096Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus.........................................................++................++e is 65537 (0x10001)$ openssl req -subj '/CN=client' -new -key key.pem -out client.csr
To make the key suitable for client authentication, create a new extensionsconfig file:
$ echo extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth > extfile-client.cnf
Now, generate the signed certificate:
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -sha256 -in client.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem \ -CAcreateserial -out cert.pem -extfile extfile-client.cnfSignature oksubject=/CN=clientGetting CA Private KeyEnter pass phrase for ca-key.pem:
After generating cert.pem
and server-cert.pem
you can safely remove thetwo certificate signing requests and extensions config files:
$ rm -v client.csr server.csr extfile.cnf extfile-client.cnf
With a default umask
of 022, your secret keys are world-readable andwritable for you and your group.
To protect your keys from accidental damage, remove theirwrite permissions. To make them only readable by you, change file modes as follows:
$ chmod -v 0400 ca-key.pem key.pem server-key.pem
Certificates can be world-readable, but you might want to remove write access toprevent accidental damage:
$ chmod -v 0444 ca.pem server-cert.pem cert.pem
Now you can make the Docker daemon only accept connections from clientsproviding a certificate trusted by your CA:
$ dockerd \ --tlsverify \ --tlscacert=ca.pem \ --tlscert=server-cert.pem \ --tlskey=server-key.pem \ -H=0.0.0.0:2376
To connect to Docker and validate its certificate, provide your client keys,certificates and trusted CA:
Run it on the client machine
This step should be run on your Docker client machine. As such, youneed to copy your CA certificate, your server certificate, and your clientcertificate to that machine.
Note: Replace all instances of
$HOST
in the following example with theDNS name of your Docker daemon’s host.(Video) Docker Security Essentials | How To Secure Docker Containers
$ docker --tlsverify \ --tlscacert=ca.pem \ --tlscert=cert.pem \ --tlskey=key.pem \ -H=$HOST:2376 version
Note:Docker over TLS should run on TCP port 2376.
Warning:As shown in the example above, you don’t need to run the
docker
clientwithsudo
or thedocker
group when you use certificate authentication.That means anyone with the keys can give any instructions to your Dockerdaemon, giving them root access to the machine hosting the daemon. Guardthese keys as you would a root password!
Secure by default
If you want to secure your Docker client connections by default, you can movethe files to the .docker
directory in your home directory --- and set theDOCKER_HOST
and DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY
variables as well (instead of passing-H=tcp://$HOST:2376
and --tlsverify
on every call).
$ mkdir -pv ~/.docker$ cp -v {ca,cert,key}.pem ~/.docker$ export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://$HOST:2376 DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1
Docker now connects securely by default:
$ docker ps
Other modes
If you don’t want to have complete two-way authentication, you can runDocker in various other modes by mixing the flags.
Daemon modes
tlsverify
,tlscacert
,tlscert
,tlskey
set: Authenticate clientstls
,tlscert
,tlskey
: Do not authenticate clients
Client modes
tls
: Authenticate server based on public/default CA pooltlsverify
,tlscacert
: Authenticate server based on given CAtls
,tlscert
,tlskey
: Authenticate with client certificate, do notauthenticate server based on given CAtlsverify
,tlscacert
,tlscert
,tlskey
: Authenticate with clientcertificate and authenticate server based on given CA
If found, the client sends its client certificate, so you just needto drop your keys into ~/.docker/{ca,cert,key}.pem
. Alternatively,if you want to store your keys in another location, you can specify thatlocation using the environment variable DOCKER_CERT_PATH
.
$ export DOCKER_CERT_PATH=~/.docker/zone1/$ docker --tlsverify ps
Connecting to the secure Docker port using curl
To use curl
to make test API requests, you need to use three extra command lineflags:
$ curl https://$HOST:2376/images/json \ --cert ~/.docker/cert.pem \ --key ~/.docker/key.pem \ --cacert ~/.docker/ca.pem
- Using certificates for repository client verification
- Use trusted images
FAQs
How can Docker daemon protect its socket? ›
Use TLS (HTTPS) to protect the Docker daemon socket. If you need Docker to be reachable through HTTP rather than SSH in a safe manner, you can enable TLS (HTTPS) by specifying the tlsverify flag and pointing Docker's tlscacert flag to a trusted CA certificate.
What is Docker daemon socket? ›Docker. sock is a Unix socket that enables the Docker server-side daemon, dockerd, to communicate with its command-line interface via a REST API. The socket appears as the /var/run/docker. sock file. Because it is a file, admins can share and run docker.
How do I protect Docker? ›Docker containers are, by default, quite secure; especially if you run your processes as non-privileged users inside the container. You can add an extra layer of safety by enabling AppArmor, SELinux, GRSEC, or another appropriate hardening system.
How do I keep my Docker image secure? ›- Run the container as a non-root user. ...
- Remove unnecessary packages/software from the image. ...
- Enable Docker Content Trust (DCT) ...
- Use COPY instead of ADD in Dockerfile. ...
- Do not store any secret in Dockerfile. ...
- Install verified packages and use trusted base images.
By default, the docker daemon will use the unix socket unix:///var/run/docker.sock (you can check this is the case for you by doing a sudo netstat -tunlp and note that there is no docker daemon process listening on any ports).
How to connect to Docker daemon socket? ›- sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d.
- sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/options.conf.
- [Service] ExecStart= ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H unix:// -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375.
- # Reload the systemd daemon.
To stop one or more running Docker containers, you can use the docker stop command. The syntax is simple: $ docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] You can specify one or more containers to stop.
Is Docker daemon still free? ›Our Docker Subscription Service Agreement states: Docker Desktop is free for small businesses (fewer than 250 employees AND less than $10 million in annual revenue), personal use, education, and non-commercial open source projects. Otherwise, it requires a paid subscription for professional use.
Can I connect to Docker daemon? ›- Method 1: Check the Docker Engine.
- Method 2: Assign Ownership to the Docker Unix Socket.
- Method 3: Check the Ownership of Used Files.
- Method 4: Add Your User to the Docker Group.
- Method 5: Add Environment Tables on OS X.
- Don't trust a container's software. The first step in securing containers is recognizing that it has to be done. ...
- Make sure you know what's going on in your containers. ...
- Control root access. ...
- Check the container runtime. ...
- Lock down the operating system.
How to expose Docker daemon without TLS? ›
A developer running Docker for Windows needs to enable the option "Expose daemon on tcp://localhost:2375 without TLS" in Docker setting > General tab. There is a warning: Exposing daemon on TCP without TLS helps legacy clients connect to the daemon. It also makes yourself vulnerable to remote code execution attacks.
How do I fix Docker image vulnerabilities? ›Scan images for Log4j 2 CVE
11.0 do not detect Log4j 2 CVE-2021-44228 when you scan your images for vulnerabilities. You must update your Docker installation to the latest version to fix this issue. If you are using the docker scan plugin shipped with Docker Desktop, update Docker Desktop to version 4.3. 1 or higher.
Encryption is one methodology for securing your Docker. Other methods include setting resource limits for your container, and implementing Docker bench security to check host, docker daemon configuration, and configuration files, in addition to container images, build files, and container runtimes.
What are the vulnerabilities of Docker? ›In older versions of Docker, there is a vulnerability where pulling a malformed Docker image manifest crashes the Docker daemon running on the host system. Fixing CVE-2021-21285 involves upgrading to a patched version of Docker, which prevents the daemon from crashing due to uncontrolled resource consumption.
How to check Docker daemon status? ›Another way to check for a running Docker daemon is by inspecting its process ID file. The daemon writes its process ID to /var/run/docker. pid each time it starts up. When this file exists, Docker should be running and ready for CLI connections.
How to check Docker daemon IP? ›- $ docker run — net=host codenvy/che-ip. 192.168.65.2$ docker images. ...
- FROM alpine:3.4. ...
- if uname -r | grep -q 'moby'; then. ...
- # If the NETWORK_IF has not been set, then search for it. ...
- # If the NETWORK_IF still not set, then search for docker0.
- Add /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/override.conf [Service] ExecStart= ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd.
- Reload the systemd daemon: systemctl daemon-reload.
- Restart docker: systemctl restart docker.service.
Docker Engine is the core product of Docker, including its daemon (dockerd) as well as its CLI (docker). Docker Daemon is simply a part of Docker Engine. Quoting the Docker engine overview page: Docker Engine is an open source containerization technology for building and containerizing your applications.
How to setup Docker daemon? ›- Start the Docker daemon. Start manually. Start automatically at system boot.
- Custom Docker daemon options. Runtime directory and storage driver. HTTP/HTTPS proxy.
- Configure where the Docker daemon listens for connections.
- Manually create the systemd unit files.
If you need to access docker on the host from inside a container, you can simply expose the Docker socket inside the container using a host mount ( -v /host/path:/container/path on the docker run command line).
What are the docker daemon commands? ›
To run the daemon you type dockerd . To run the daemon with debug output, use dockerd --debug or add "debug": true to the daemon. json file. Enable experimental features by starting dockerd with the --experimental flag or adding "experimental": true to the daemon.
How do you keep the containers alive even when the docker daemon is down? ›- Use the following JSON to enable live-restore . { "live-restore": true }
- Restart the Docker daemon.
Conclusion. The Docker daemon is a backend service of Docker that controls the Docker container. To resolve the Docker daemon is not running error, you first need to verify if the service of Docker Desktop is running or not. If the service is running then update the WSL package.
Does Netflix use Docker? ›We implemented multi-tenant isolation (CPU, memory, disk, networking and security) using a combination of Linux, Docker and our own isolation technology. For containers to be successful at Netflix, we needed to integrate them seamlessly into our existing developer tools and operational infrastructure.
When should you not use Docker? ›3. When You Are Developing A Desktop Application. Docker is great for developing web applications, but if your end-product is a desktop application, then we would suggest you not to use Docker.
What replaced Docker? ›Interestingly, containerdis the default runtime for Docker, which is now an independent tool just like runc. This makes Containerd a handy orchestrator tool just like Kubernetes, and as a result, is one of the most popular Docker alternatives.
Does Docker bypass firewall? ›Docker Network bypasses Firewall, no option to disable
Check the firewall; docker will by use "anywhere" as the source, thereby all containers are exposed to the public.
On a typical installation the Docker daemon is started by a system utility, not manually by a user. This makes it easier to automatically start Docker when the machine reboots. The command to start Docker depends on your operating system.
What is a container daemon? ›Also known as the Docker Engine, the Docker daemon is a thin layer between the containers and the Linux kernel. The Docker daemon is the persistent runtime environment that manages application containers.
How can you best prevent vulnerabilities from being introduced into containers? ›- Integrate Code Scanning at the CI/CD Process. ...
- Reduce external vulnerabilities via dependency scanning. ...
- Use image scanning to analyze container images. ...
- Enforce image content trust. ...
- Common security misconfigurations and remediations. ...
- Incorporate IaC scanning.
What is container defender? ›
Defender for Containers provides real-time threat protection for your containerized environments and generates alerts for suspicious activities. You can use this information to quickly remediate security issues and improve the security of your containers.
What is container protect essential? ›Container Protect Essential is included in your shipment bookings by default, for ready protection up to INR 30,000. To increase limit, you can upgrade to Container Protect Unlimited up to 10 days before the estimated arrival of your cargo.
Should I expose Docker port? ›Exposing ports is a way of documenting which ports are used, but does not actually map or open any ports. Exposing ports is optional. You publish ports using the --publish or --publish-all flag to docker run . This tells Docker which ports to open on the container's network interface.
How do I know if my Docker port is exposed? ›If you run docker ps , you'll see the PORTS column now shows this mapping. The exposed container port 80 has been published to the host. This variant will bind port 80 in the container to a random port on the host. You can check the port that's been assigned by running docker ps .
How do I disable Docker TLS? ›To disable auto-detection of TLS configuration, you can either pass the --no-detect-tls flag, or you can manually configure the proxy's TLS using the same TLS-related command-line flags supplied to the Docker daemon.
Is Docker affected by Log4j? ›Docker Official Images impacted by Log4j 2 CVE
We recommend that you revisit this section to view the list of affected images and update images to the patched version as soon as possible to remediate the issue. A number of Docker Official Images contain the vulnerable versions of Log4j 2 CVE-2021-44228.
What is the risk? Some Docker versions allow all network traffic on the same host by default, which can result in unintentional exposure of data to the wrong containers. Link the desired containers to restrict container access and reduce the attack surface, enabling only necessary and desired communication.
What is Docker vulnerability scan? ›Docker Hub Vulnerability Scanning enables you to automatically scan Docker images for vulnerabilities using Snyk. This uses the same technology as the docker scan command. When you enable Hub Vulnerability Scanning, you can also see whether your images are affected by Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228).
Is there an unbreakable encryption? ›There is only one known unbreakable cryptographic system, the one-time pad, which is not generally possible to use because of the difficulties involved in exchanging one-time pads without their being compromised. So any encryption algorithm can be compared to the perfect algorithm, the one-time pad.
Do containers have firewalls? ›Continuous Security for Containers. Like any environment, a containerized environment requires a layered security strategy with multiple protection layers. It's critical to build in security throughout the Build, Ship, and Run cycle. For run-time visibility and protection, a container firewall plays a central role.
Are Docker volumes secure? ›
It is not considered a security back door. Any volumes from the host machine exposed to the docker container should abide by the permissions suitable for your execution environment, but there isn't a way for example to traverse directories and expose /etc/passwd or things of this nature.
How do you prevent image theft? ›- Register the copyright to your work. ...
- Use a copyright notice. ...
- Watermark your work. ...
- Use a digital signature. ...
- Include hidden foreground layers. ...
- Edit EXIF data. ...
- Use low-resolution images. ...
- Adjust the color profile.
Anchore Engine is a tool for analyzing container images. In addition to CVE-based security vulnerability reporting, Anchore Engine can evaluate Docker images using custom policies.
Can Nmap detect vulnerabilities? ›Nmap can help you visualize and map out your entire local network. It can also show you a list of active live hosts, available ports, and the operating systems running on every device connected. In addition to a number of network scanning functions, Nmap can also be used to identify vulnerabilities in your network.
What are the 3 vulnerabilities? ›...
3 Vulnerabilities to be on the Lookout for to protect your data
- Security Misconfigurations. What is a security misconfiguration? ...
- Sensitive Data Exposure. ...
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
- Article Navigation.
- Malware (Malicious Software)
- Social Engineering Attacks.
- Outdated Or Unpatched Software.
- Misconfigured Firewalls / Operating Systems.
- What is a Vulnerability in Computer Security?
- Security Vulnerability Types.
- Hidden Backdoor Programs.
- Superuser or Admin Account Privileges.
- Automated Scripts without Malware/Virus Checks.
- Unknown Security Bugs.
- Unencrypted Data on the Network.
On Linux, you can avoid a restart (and avoid any downtime for your containers) by reloading the Docker daemon. If you use systemd , then use the command systemctl reload docker . Otherwise, send a SIGHUP signal to the dockerd process.
How Docker made me more capable and the host less secure? ›TL;DR. After Docker released a fix [1] for CVE-2021-21284 [2], it unintentionally created a new vulnerability that allows a low-privileged user on the host to execute files from Docker images. Thus, an attacker may execute files with capabilities or setuid files in order to escalate its privileges up to root level.
How can Docker images be reliably checked for integrity to prevent tampering? ›Docker Content Trust (DCT)
DCT allows publishers of images to use digital signatures, effectively allowing users pulling their images to verify: That the content of the image has not been tampered with.
How do containers provide security? ›
Container network security proactively restricts unwanted communication and prevents threats from attacking your applications once deployed. Organizations can use containerized next-generation firewalls to protect their containers from network-based threats.
How do I keep a Docker container alive? ›The simplest way to keep the container running is to pass a command that never ends. We can use never-ending commands in any of the following ways: ENTRYPOINT or CMD directive in the Dockerfile. Overriding ENTRYPOINT or CMD in the docker run command.
How do I deploy Docker without downtime? ›- Step 1: Update the docker compose file.
- Step 2: Scale up a new container.
- Step 3: Remove the old container.
- Step 4: Scale down to the single container setup as before.
- Real life example: Updating a live Ghost instance without downtime.
- Bonus tips.
Checking With Systemctl
Check what's displayed under “Active.” If you see active (running) in green, the Docker daemon is running and your containers should be up. An active state of inactive indicates the service has stopped. Try to bring it up by running sudo systemctl start docker .
A developer running Docker for Windows needs to enable the option "Expose daemon on tcp://localhost:2375 without TLS" in Docker setting > General tab. There is a warning: Exposing daemon on TCP without TLS helps legacy clients connect to the daemon. It also makes yourself vulnerable to remote code execution attacks.
What are the safest ways to ensure data integrity? ›- Perform Risk-Based Validation.
- Select Appropriate System and Service Providers.
- Audit your Audit Trails.
- Change Control.
- Qualify IT & Validate Systems.
- Plan for Business Continuity.
- Be Accurate.
- Archive Regularly.
Encryption is one methodology for securing your Docker. Other methods include setting resource limits for your container, and implementing Docker bench security to check host, docker daemon configuration, and configuration files, in addition to container images, build files, and container runtimes.
How to check the integrity of Docker image? ›- 1) Sign Your Docker Images.
- 2) Verify Your Docker Images.
- 3) Verify Your Container Image Before Running.
- 4) Verify the Integrity of Running Docker Images.
Containers Are Not Secure
The idea behind containers being insecure comes from the fact that containers run within a host operating system, which could make it possible to escalate privileges inside a container to then gain access to the host server.
Metal seals
Bolt seals are used to secure shipping containers, trucks, and trailers. A bolt seal used for securing containers must conform to the ISO 17712 high security seal in order to be accepted by customs all around the world in ocean shipping.